Low power memory module using restricted RAM activation

ABSTRACT

A method for accessing a memory array for an electronic device comprises a design which requires fewer memory devices to be activated to access a plurality of data bits, thereby reducing the amount of power required to access the data bits. The design comprises the use of a plurality of memory devices, each of which has a plurality of arrays and data out lines.

This is a continuation of Ser. No. 09/024,939 filed Feb. 17, 1998 and issued Aug. 29, 2000 as U.S. Pat. No. 6,111,775, which was a continuation of Ser. No. 08/27,836 filed Oct. 15, 1996 and issued Feb. 17, 1998 as U.S. Pat. No. 5,719,817, which was a continuation of Ser. No. 08/407,721 filed Mar. 20, 1995 and issued Oct. 15, 1996 as U.S. Pat. No. 5,566,122, which was a continuation of Ser. No. 08/000,066 filed Jan. 4, 1993 and issued May 9, 1995 as U.S. Pat. No. 5,414,670, which was a continuation of Ser. No. 07/608,125, filed Oct. 31, 1990 and issued Oct. 26, 1993 as U.S. Pat. No. 5,257,233.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to packaging configurations for integrated circuit devices (IC's), it describes and more particularly to packaging configuration is directed to logic arrays such as memory modules for computers or other electronic devices. More specifically, it describes an improvement to the design of a memory array which requires fewer random access memories (RAMS) to be turned on during a read or write cycle than present designs, thereby using less current.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Current generation single in-line memory modules (SIMMs) for certain brands of computers use eight one-megabit (1M) dynamic random access memories (DRAMs) arranged in a ×1 configuration (having one data out signal), which supplies the computer with one megabyte (MB) of memory. Since the DRAMs are arranged in a ×1 configuration, one data bit can be extracted from each chip at a time. When a module with eight 1M×1 DRAMs is installed in a computer capable of handling eight bits of data at a t (i.e. an 8-bit computer), it accesses one bit location from each of eight DRAMs on a module simultaneously, thereby receiving eight bits of data. In 16-bit computers, modules containing eight 1M×1 was DRAMs are installed in groups of two in the computer. To obtain 16 bits of data all 16 DRAMs are accessed simultaneously, and the computer receives one bit of data from each DRAM for a total of 16 data bits. Each time a 1M×1 DRAM is accessed, it requires about 80 mA of current to be supplied. To access the 16 DRAMs simultaneously requires approximately 640 mA of current per module, or 1,280 mA total.

Some SIMMs use 1M×4 DRAMs, with each DRAM having four bits of data. A module using two 1M×4 chips supplies 1 MB of memory, as does a module using eight 1M×1 chips. A module with two 1M×4 devices is functionally equivalent to a module using eight 1M×1 devices, but has fewer parts, thereby being easier to assemble and somewhat more reliable due to fewer solder joints. There is not much power savings using a module with two 1M×4 DRAMs over a module using eight 1M×1 DRAMs, as all the devices on either module are turned on each time one of the devices is accessed in order to access eight data bits, and to access two 1M×4 DRAMs requires about as much power as accessing eight 1M×1 DRAMs.

In most computers, addressed words are an even number of bits, such as eight, sixteen or thirty-two bits. This fits into memory array blocks which use ×4 chips but the arrangement is complicated by the fact that a system of memory parity has proven to be very effective in error detection. The parity is an additional bit for each word, so that an eight bit word (“byte”) is addressed as nine bits, the ninth bit being parity.

Reducing power consumption in a computer or other electronic device is a design goal, as overtaxing a computer's power supply is a common concern. With the addition of modem cards, memory boards, graphics cards, hard disk controller cards, printer buffer cards, and mouse cards the chances of burning out the computer's power supply from drawing too much current becomes a possibility. Even if the power supply is not unduly stressed, a component which uses more power than a similar component will release more heat, thereby increasing the temperature of the component as well as the inside of the computer or electronic device. Elevated temperatures within the component or within the chassis of a computer can cause other components in the computer to operate more slowly or to fail prematurely.

Reducing the amount of current used by the components in a computer is also a concern to designers of portable computers. The length of time between battery recharges for various brands and types of computers ranges from about two hours to 12 hours. Reducing the amount of current the computer uses, thereby extending the length of time the computer can be run off the battery, is a design concern as well as a marketing concern.

Reducing the power consumption of components installed in a computer is a goal of computer component designers and computer manufacturers.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of this invention is to provide a memory array which uses less power than previous arrays.

This object of the present invention is attained by fabricating an array using a number of memory chips, where each memory chip can be accessed independently, and where, for example, only the DRAM or DR accessed is turned on while all other DRAMs remain in standby mode. A DRAM in standby mode uses much less current than activating the DRAM.

The invention can be applied to modules using DRAMs with multiple data outlines (DQ's). For instance, if a module supplying 1 MB of memory contains eight 1M×1 DRAMs is installed in an 8-bit computer, all eight DRAMs would have to be accessed simultaneously to supply the computer with a bits of data. On a 1 MB module using eight 256K×4, only two DRAMs would have to be accessed to supply the 8-bit computer with 8 bits of data.

Chips containing ×16 data widths have recently been developed by Micron Technology, Inc. To manufacture these 64K×16 DRAMs, a current generation 1M die is packaged with 16 DQ pins to provide a chip in a 64K×16 configuration. Each of the 1,048,576 bits are uniquely addressed through the 16 address bits multiplexed on eight address lines (A0-A7) during a read or a write cycle.

A common memory configuration supplying 16 bits of data is to use two modules with each module comprising eight 1M×1 devices. A read cycle from two of these modules, as stated previously, requires about 640 mA of current. A functional equivalent of these modules would be two modules with each module comprising eight 64K×16 DRAMs. If these equivalent modules not comprising the invention are used, all 16 DRAMs would be turned on during a read cycle, even though the desired data comes from a single DRAM. A read would require 1280 mA of current. A module of this type comprising the invention, however, would enable only one DRAM during a read, thereby using about 90 mA of current.

When used in applications where an additional bit is used, as for parity, the additional bit may be incorporated into the multiple data out (DQ) architecture as an additional DQ connection. Alternatively, partially operational DRAMs may be used, provided at least one good sector may be addressed.

A module of this type would have signals conforming to JEDEC standards or, in custom uses, to specifications specific to the intended use of the module. In any case, a module containing eight 64K×16 devices would require one CAS line and eight RAS lines. The CAS line selects the desired column number in each of the eight DRAMs. The RAS lines are used as a bank select with each RAS line being used only by a single device, thereby accessing a row address from a single DRAM.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows an overview of the circuitry of the inventive module;

FIG. 2 details the decode circuitry of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows a simple circuit which disables the write-per-bit mode of a DRAM containing multiple DQ's;

FIG. 4 shows the logic associated with the signals AR9 and AC9 which selects one of four groups of RAS signals;

FIG. 5 shows the logic associated with the signals AR8 and AC8 which selects a single DRAM from a group of four DRAMs;

FIG. 6 shows the logic associated with the write-per-bit lockout circuit of FIG. 3; and

FIG. 7 depicts a partial view of the FIG. 1 structure and includes a plurality of sub-arrays in each RAM.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

FIG. 1 shows an overview of the circuitry of the embodiment of the inventive array, including the data bus (DQ1-DQ16), the address bus (AD0-AD7), and output enable (OE). The address bus allows the computer to select individual DRAM cells to be written to or read from, while data is passed between the computer and the DRAMs along the bi-directional data bus. The OE signal controls the output buffers of the DRAM. During a READ cycle, the data is output on the data bus when the OE signal goes low.

All DRAMs share a single write enable (WE) signal, a single V_(CC), a common V_(SS), and a common CAS.

The signals AR8, AR9, AC8, and AC9 output by the computer to the module are altered by the, decode circuitry below) to function as 16 RAS lines, which function as a select line to select one of 16 DRAMs on the module. Note that FIG. 1 shows eight RAMs; RAMs 9-16 operate in a fashion similar to RAMs 1-8, being addressed by RAS9-RAS16 as shown.

Following JEDEC standards, a computer or electronic device has only one RAS and one CAS input to a memory module. With only these two inputs, every time the electronic device accesses the memory, the same address on every DRAM is read or written, and as a result every device turns on. In a module comprising ×1 DRAMs, this is not a problem because, as stated previously, a 16-bit computer accesses all 16×1 DRAMs to receive the 16 bits of data it is capable of handling In a module comprising DRAMs with multiple DQ's, however, not every DRAM is accessed, but every DRAM is turned on. This requires that power be used unnecessarily.

In the inventive module, turning on all the DRAMs would defeat the purpose of the invention, which is to save power by turning on only those RAMs that are accessed. The decode circuitry in FIG. 2 solves this problem by using the two RAS address select bits (AR8 and AR9) and the two CAS address select bits (AC8 and AC9) output from the computer to the module in conjunction with the decade circuitry of FIG. 2 to turn on a single device. As shown, the two bits input on AR9 and AC9 are used to select one of four RAS signals internal to the decode circuitry, RASA, RASB, RASC or RASD, depending on the state of the two bits as shown in FIG. 4.

Each of the four groups of signals in FIG. 4, RASA, RASB, RASC, and RASD have four unique RAS signals as shown in FIG. 2 which are internal to the decode circuitry and are output to the DRAMs. Referring to FIG. 2, after either RASA, RASB, RASC, or RASD is turned on, the bits supplied on AR8 and AC8 are used to select a single location from RAS1 through RAS16, each RAS line corresponding to a unique DRAM (not shown). FIG. 5 shows the decode logic which selects a specific DRAM. As shown in FIG. 2, RASA is divided into RAS1-RAS4, RASB is divided into RAS5-RAS8, RASC is divided into RAS9-RAS12, and RASD is divided into RAS13-RAS16. So, for example, if AR9 goes high and AC9 is a low, the signal RASC goes high. Then, if both AR8 and AC8 go high, RAS12 goes high and accesses its associated DRAM, thereby leaving RAS1-RAS11 and RAS13-RAS16 unselected and the 15 DRAMs corresponding to those RAS lines in a power-conserving standby mode.

Write-per-bit mode is an industry standard on DRAMs having multiple DQ's. A DRAM with multiple DQ's can be written to in either a normal write made or in write-per-bit mode. When a DRAM with more than one DQ is in a normal write mode, the number of bits corresponding to the number of DQ's are written at the same time. On a ×16 device a device having 16 subarrays, for example, the chip logic begins writing one bit of data onto each of the 16 DQ's at the falling edge of CAS or WE (whichever is later) as long as RAS is low. (During a normal write, the status of WE is a “don't care” when RAS initially goes low.) The address signals, RAS, and CAS then toggle to select the proper address to be written to, and the desired data is input through the Data In (Din) signals.

During a write-per-bit (also called a “masked write”), any combination (or even all) of the 16 bits can be written to without writing to any of the other locations. To set up a write-per-bit signal, WE goes low. Next, the data for the “mask” is set on the DQ's, with a logic 1 corresponding to “write” and a logic 0 corresponding to a “don't write” (the mask data simply indicates which of the locations are to be written, and which are to be left unaltered). After the data for the mask is set, RAS drops, and the mask information on the data lines is changed to the desired data to be written to the selected locations. Finally, when CAS is pulled low, the write begins. The address signals, RAS, and CAS toggle to input the data into the correct addresses.

As can be seen from a the information above, users of memory modules which contain ×1 DRAMS which don't use write-per-bit mode may consider WE a “don't care” as RAS goes low, and allow WE to toggle. Depending on the state of the other signals, the unwary user may put the module containing DRAMs with multiple DQ's into write-per-bit mode (which, as previously stated, occurs at the DRAM level if RAS goes low when WE is low). The simple circuit of FIG. 3, if incorporated into the decode circuitry of the module or into the design of the electronic device using the inventive module, will make the WE signal a don't care except when RAS is low, thereby preventing the chips on the modules from entering write-per-bit mode. The circuit incorporates a three input NAND gate 10. RAS, WE, and a RAS signal delayed by the three NAND gates 12, 14, 16 as shown in FIG. 3 are inverted, input to the NAND gate 10, and output as WE(out). (Note that three NAND gates is not an absolute—the number of NAND gates is determined only by the delay required to ensure that WE does not go low until after RAS goes low.) The truth table for the circuit of FIG. 3 is shown in FIG. 6.

A jumper, electronic switch, or a functional equivalent 18 incorporated into the circuit would allow users who desire the write-per-bit mode to disable the circuit, thereby enabling write-per-bit mode to the DRAMs.

While a preferred embodiment of the invention has been disclosed, various modes of carrying out the principles described herein are contemplated as being within the scope of the following claims. Any memory array comprising RAMs (SRAMs DRAMs, etc.) having multiple DQ's could have a power savings by using the invention. For instance, in 1 MB module comprising eight 256M×4 RAMs, all eight DRAMs are turned on for each read, even though the 16 bits of data are received from only four of the DRAMs. The description of the invention could be easily modified by those skilled in the art for a ×4 module.

In addition, modules with data widths other than those which are a multiple of four are possible with the addition of another device, such as a ×1 device. For example, a ×17 module is possible on a module containing 64K×16 devices with the addition of a 64K×1 device. Note that this device would require another RAS line, but would use the common CAS signal, and at least two devices would be turned on simultaneously to access the 17 bits of data required, one ×16 DR for the 16 data bits, and the ×1 device for the parity bit.

Finally, the described invention does not pertain only to memory supplied in module form. The invention would work equally well with memory placed directly on the motherboard (embedded memory) or with any other memory addressed by the computer.

It is therefore understood that the scope of the invention is not to be limited except as otherwise set forth in the claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for accessing a memory array comprising the following steps: providing a coded input signal to a decoder; decoding said coded input signal at said decoder and outputting a decoded signal from said decoder; providing a memory array comprising a plurality of memory die, each die comprising a number of subarrays and each said die adapted to receive said decoded signal; activating said number of data signals to each said die, wherein each data signal is electrically coupled with one subarray of each said die; and activating only one die from said plurality of die in response to said decoded signal.
 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the following steps: activating a write enable signal; and subsequent to said step of activating said one die from said plurality of die, writing one data bit to each subarray of said activated die, wherein each said die of said plurality of die except said activated die remain in a standby mode during said step of writing said data bit to each subarray.
 3. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of providing a coded input signal to said decoder comprises the step of providing at least one signal on at least one address line coupled to said decoder.
 4. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of activating only one die from said plurality of die comprises the step of activating a select line electrically coupled with said only one die.
 5. The method of claim 4 wherein said select line is a first select line, further comprising the step of deactivating a plurality of select lines coupled with said plurality of die except said activated die.
 6. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of activating only one die from said plurality of die comprises the step of placing a signal on a row address strobe (RAS) line electrically coupled with said only one die which activates said only one die.
 7. The method of claim 6 wherein said RAS line is a first RAS line, further comprising the step of placing a signal on each of a plurality of RAS lines coupled with said plurality of die except said activated die which deactivates each of said plurality of die except said activated die.
 8. The method of claim 1 further comprising the following steps: deactivating a write enable signal; and subsequent to said step of activating said one die from said plurality of die, reading one data bit from each subarray of said activated die, wherein each said die of said plurality of die except said activated die remain in a standby mode during said step of writing said data bit to each subarray.
 9. The method of claim 1 further comprising: providing a parity die having only one subarray and only one data line attached to said parity die; and activating said data line of said parity die during said step of activating said only one die from said plurality of die.
 10. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of activating said number of data signals to each said die comprises activating said number of data out signals to each said die, wherein each said data out signal is electrically coupled with one subarray of each said die.
 11. A method for reading from a memory array comprising: providing a coded input signal to a decoder; decoding said coded input signal at said decoder and outputting a decoded signal from said decoder; providing a memory array comprising a plurality of memory die, each die comprising a plurality of subarrays and each said die of said plurality of die adapted to receive said decoded signal; activating a plurality of data out lines, wherein each said subarray of each said die has a unique one of said data out lines electrically coupled therewith, and wherein each said data out line of said plurality of data out lines is coupled with every die of said plurality of die; and activating only one said die from said plurality of die in response to said decoded signal.
 12. The method of claim 11 further comprising: providing said plurality of memory die each having at least eight subarrays; activating at least eight data out lines during said activation of said data out lines; and reading a data bit from each data out line of said plurality of data out lines, wherein each data bit is read from a unique subarray of only one said memory die. 